Uniportal right upper bilobectomy after previous anterior thoracotomy for cardiac surgery: is previous cardiothoracic surgery still a limit?

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has become the gold standard for the treatment of early stage lung cancer. Uniportal viedo-assisted thoracoscopic resections seem to offer potential benefits in terms of postoperative pain and morbidity. Previous cardithoracic surgery has been considered for years a contraindication for thoracoscopic lobectomies, for the presence of intra-thoracic adhesions and pleural symphysis. With increasing experience in VATS, this strategy is often proposed, even in complex procedures.