La disuguaglianza delle opportunità educative in Italia, 1930-1980 : tendenze e cause

The paper analyses the relationship between social origin and educational attainment over time in Italy. A previous work by the authors showed that the association between class of origin and educational attainment has declined for the cohorts born from 1920 to 1969, while most of the previous research showed persistent class inequality. The paper compares models and results obtained by previous research with those obtained with the cumulative logit model, showing differences in results are mostly a matter of interpretation. When family’s education is used as an alternative measure of social origin, its effect on educational attainment is also found to be decreasing over time. Some speculations are then given on the different mechanisms underlying the effects of social class of origin and family’s education on educational attainment, and a four-variable model is estimated, allowing to compare both effects over time. Results show that, consistently with theoretical speculations, the effect of class of origin diminishes over time, while that of family’s education, controlling for class of origin, remains stable.