Collective atomic recoil lasing including friction and diffusion effects

The collective atomic recoil lasing (CARL) model which includes the effects of friction and diffusion forces acting on the atoms due to the presence of optical molasses fields was described. The system was described using a set of coupled Maxwell-Fokker-Planck equations. A linear stability analysis revealed that there was a threshold condition for the pump power above which collective backscattering occurs. It was shown that the backscattered field and atomic density modulation amplitude or bunching evolves to a steady state, in contrast to the nonstationary behavior observed using the usual CARL model.