Influence of Total Sugar Intake on Metabolic Blood Markers at 8 Years of Age in the Childhood Obesity Project

Purpose We aimed to characterize the association of dietary sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood. Methods Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin. Total sugar intake comprised all mono- and disaccharides; diferent sugar sources were defned. Linear regression models were applied to investigate the cross-sectional association of total sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers with adjustment for total energy intake using the residual method. Results Data were available for 325 children. Children consumed on average 332 kcal (SD 110) and 21% (SD 6) of energy from total sugar. In an energy-adjusted model, an increase of 100 kcal from total sugar per day was signifcantly associated with a z score HDL-C decrease (− 0.14; 95% CI − 0.01, − 0.27; p value=0.031). Concerning diferent food groups of total sugar intake, 100 kcal total sugar from sweetened beverages was negatively associated with z score HDL-C (− 1.67; 95% CI − 0.42, − 2.91; p value=0.009), while total sugar from milk products was positively related to z score HDL-C (1.38, 95% CI 0.03, 2.72; p value=0.045). None of the other blood lipids or glucose-related markers showed a signifcant relationship with total sugar intake. Conclusion Increasing dietary total sugar intake in children, especially from sweetened beverages, was associated with unfavorable efects on HDL-C, which might increase the long-term risk for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease