Redesigning care for older people to preserve physical and mental capacity : WHO guidelines on community-level interventions in integrated care

Numerous underlying physiological changes occur with increasing age, and for older people, the risks of developing chronic diseases and care dependency increase. • Health systems are often better designed to respond to episodic health needs than to the more complex and chronic health needs that tend to arise with increasing age, and reprioritization is required to meet the needs of ageing populations. • Significant losses in capacity and care dependency in later life can be delayed or avoided if health interventions are introduced earlier in the process of functional decline. • We discuss the recommendations of the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) Guidelines, which provide evidence-based recommendations for managing declines in intrinsic capacity, developed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. • Implementation of evidence-based interventions requires community-based assessment of an individual's needs, development and implementation of a care plan, provision of monitoring and referrals as needed, and supporting caregivers.