Effects of Deoxynivalenol, T-2 Toxin and Zearalenone effects on pig granulosa cells

Enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin are two veterinary fluoroquinolones used to treat severe bacterial infections in horses. A repeated measures study has been designed to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters, to investigate their bioavailability and to estimate their absorbed fraction and first-pass effect by using plasma, urinary and metabolite data collected from five healthy mares. Clearance and Vd(ss) were greater for enrofloxacin (mean ± SD = 6.34 ± 1.5 mL/min/kg and 2.32 ± 0.32 L/kg, respectively) than for marbofloxacin (4.62 ± 0.67 mL/min/kg and 1.6 ± 0.25 L/kg, respectively). Variance of the AUC0-inf of marbofloxacin was lower than that for enrofloxacin, with, respectively, a CV = 15% and 26% intravenously and a CV = 31% and 55% after oral administration. Mean oral bioavailability was not significantly different between marbofloxacin (59%) and enrofloxacin (55%). The mean percentage of the dose eliminated unchanged in urine was significantly higher for marbofloxacin (39.7%) than that for enrofloxacin (3.4%). Absorbed fraction and first-pass effect were only determinable for enrofloxacin, whereas the percentage of the dose absorbed in the portal circulation was estimated to be 78% and the fraction not extracted during the first pass through the liver was 65%. Consequently, the moderate observed bioavailability of enrofloxacin appears to be mainly caused by hepatic first-pass effect.