Evidence of Vasculogenic Mimicry in a Palpebral Melanocytoma in a Dog

A 7-year-old neutered female Doberman pinscher was presented with a palpebral nodule on the haired eyelid of the left eye. The nodule was removed surgically. Microscopically, the nodule was consistent with eyelid melanocytoma. The tumour was characterized by the presence of numerous lacunar and slit-like spaces filled by erythrocytes and interspersed throughout the neoplastic melanocytes. Immunohistochemically, these spaces were lined by cells expressing PNL2 and factor VIII, but the cells were negative for CD31. These findings were consistent with neoplastic melanocytes without endothelial cell participation. This feature was interpreted as ‘vasculogenic mimicry’, a mechanism of tumour angiogenesis that is well-recognized in human melanomas, but has not yet been reported in melanomas in animals.