Distribution of ncRNAs expression across hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Capra hircus

Background: Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays an essential role in the fine tuning of seasonal estrus in Capra hircus. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in sexual development and mammalian reproduction. In order to identify ncRNAs and to assess their expression patterns, along the HPG axis, we sequenced ncRNA libraries from hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of three goats. Results: Among the medium length noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs) identified, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were found to be more abundant in ovary and hypothalamus, respectively. The observed GC content was representative for different classes of ncRNAs, allowing the identification of a tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) subclass, which had a peak distribution around 32–38% GC content in the hypothalamus. Differences observed among organs confirmed the specificity of microRNA (miRNA) profiles for each organ system. Conclusions: Data on ncRNAs in organs constituting the HPG axis will contribute to understanding their role in the physiological regulation of reproduction in goats.