Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2017
Citazione:
Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC / M. Aaboud, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, O. Abdinov, B. Abeloos, S..H. Abidi, O. Abouzeid, N. Abraham, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, R. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B..S. Acharya, S. Adachi, L. Adamczyk, J. Adelman, M. Adersberger, T. Adye, T. Affolder, T. Agatonovic-Jovin, C. Agheorghiesei, J..A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. Ahlen, F. Ahmadov, G. Aielli, S. Akatsuka, H. Akerstedt, T..P..A. Åkesson, A. Akimov, G..L. Alberghi, J. Albert, M..J. Alconada Verzini, M. Aleksa, I. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, S..P. Alkire, B. Allbrooke, B..W. Allen, P. Allport, A. Aloisio, A. A., F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, A..A. Alshehri, M. Alstaty, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, D. Άlvarez Piqueras, M. Alviggi, B..T. Amadio, Y. Amaral Coutinho, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S..P. Amor Dos Santos, A. Amorim, S. Amoroso, G. Amundsen, C. Anastopoulos, L..S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C..F. Anders, J..K. Anders, K. Anderson, A. Andreazza, G..V. Andrei, S. Angelidakis, I. Angelozzi, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, A. Anisenkov, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, D..J. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, L. Aperio Bella, G. Arabidze, Y. Arai, J..P. Araque, V. Araujo Ferraz, A. Arce, R..E. Ardell, F..A. Arduh, J. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, M. Arik, A..J. Armbruster, L..J. Armitage, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, M. Arratia, O. Arslan, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, S. Artz, S. Asai, N. Asbah, A. Ashkenazi, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, M. Atkinson, N..B. Atlay, K. Augsten, G. Avolio, B. Axen, M..K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, A. Baas, M..J. Baca, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, P. Bagiacchi, P. Bagnaia, J. Baines, M. Bajic, O..K. Baker, E. Baldin, P. Balek, T. Balestri, F. Balli, W..K. Balunas, E. Banas, S. Banerjee, A..A..E. Bannoura, L. Barak, E..L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, T. Barillari, M. Barisits, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, S..L. Barnes, B. Barnett, M. Barnett, Z. Barnovska-Blenessy, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, R. Bartoldus, A..E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Bassalat, R. Bates, S..J. Batista, R. Batley, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, H..S. Bawa, J. Beacham, M..D. Beattie, T. Beau, P. Beauchemin, P. Bechtle, H. Beck, K. Becker, M. Becker, M. Beckingham, C. Becot, A. Beddall, A. Beddall, V. Bednyakov, M. Bedognetti, C. Bee, T. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, J..K. Behr, A..S. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, M. Bellomo, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, N. Belyaev, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, M. Bender, K. Bendtz, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, E. Benhar Noccioli, J. Benitez, D. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, N..R. Bernard, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F..U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, C. Bertella, G. Bertoli, F. Bertolucci, I..A. Bertram, C. Bertsche, D. Bertsche, G. Besjes, O. Bessidskaia Bylund, M..F. Bessner, N. Besson, C. Betancourt, A. Bethani, S. Bethke, A..J. Bevan, R. Bianchi, M. Bianco, O. Biebel, D. Biedermann, R. Bielski, N..V. Biesuz, M. Biglietti, J. Bilbao De Mendizabal, T..R..V. Billoud, H. Bilokon, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, S. Biondi, T. Bisanz, C. Bittrich, D..M. Bjergaard, C. Black, J. Black, K. Black, D. Blackburn, R. Blair, T. Blazek, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, W. Blum, U. Blumenschein, S. Blunier, G. Bobbink, V. Bobrovnikov, S..S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, C. Bock, M. Boehler, D. Boerner, D. Bogavac, A. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, A. Boldyrev, M. Bomben, M. Bona, M. Boonekamp, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, J. Bortfeldt, D. Bortoletto, V. Bortolotto, K. Bos, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J..D. Bossio Sola, J. Boudreau, J. Bouffard, E..V. Bouhova-Thacker, D..E. Boumediene, C. Bourdarios, S..K. Boutle, A. Boveia, J.
Abstract:
Light-by-light scattering ($\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead (Pb) ions. Using 480 $\mu$b$^{-1}$ of Pb+Pb collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, the ATLAS Collaboration reports evidence for the $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow\gamma\gamma$ reaction. A total of 13 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 2.6$\pm$0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross section of the process $\textrm{Pb+Pb}\,(\gamma\gamma)\rightarrow \textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\textrm{+}\textrm{Pb}^{(\ast)}\,\gamma\gamma$, for photon transverse energy $E_{\mathrm{T}}>$3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity $|\eta|<$2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 $\pm$ 24 (stat.) $\pm$ 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with Standard Model predictions.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
photon photon: scattering ; electromagnetic field: high ; photon: transverse energy ; heavy ion: scattering ; lead ; mass spectrum: two-photon ; mass spectrum: (2photon) ; ATLAS ; CERN LHC Coll ; background ; photon: transverse momentum ; quantum mechanics ; field strength ; planarity ; photon: rapidity ; channel cross section: measured ; experimental results ; 5020 GeV-cms/nucleon
Elenco autori:
M. Aaboud, G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, O. Abdinov, B. Abeloos, S.H. Abidi, O. Abouzeid, N. Abraham, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, R. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B.S. Acharya, S. Adachi, L. Adamczyk, J. Adelman, M. Adersberger, T. Adye, T. Affolder, T. Agatonovic-Jovin, C. Agheorghiesei, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. Ahlen, F. Ahmadov, G. Aielli, S. Akatsuka, H. Akerstedt, T.P.A. Åkesson, A. Akimov, G.L. Alberghi, J. Albert, M.J. Alconada Verzini, M. Aleksa, I. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, J. Alison, S.P. Alkire, B. Allbrooke, B.W. Allen, P. Allport, A. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, A.A. Alshehri, M. Alstaty, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, D. Άlvarez Piqueras, M. Alviggi, B.T. Amadio, Y. Amaral Coutinho, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S.P. Amor Dos Santos, A. Amorim, S. Amoroso, G. Amundsen, C. Anastopoulos, L.S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C.F. Anders, J.K. Anders, K. Anderson, A. Andreazza, G.V. Andrei, S. Angelidakis, I. Angelozzi, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, A. Anisenkov, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, D.J. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, L. Aperio Bella, G. Arabidze, Y. Arai, J.P. Araque, V. Araujo Ferraz, A. Arce, R.E. Ardell, F.A. Arduh, J. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, M. Arik, A.J. Armbruster, L.J. Armitage, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, M. Arratia, O. Arslan, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, S. Artz, S. Asai, N. Asbah, A. Ashkenazi, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, M. Atkinson, N.B. Atlay, K. Augsten, G. Avolio, B. Axen, M.K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, A. Baas, M.J. Baca, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, P. Bagiacchi, P. Bagnaia, J. Baines, M. Bajic, O.K. Baker, E. Baldin, P. Balek, T. Balestri, F. Balli, W.K. Balunas, E. Banas, S. Banerjee, A.A.E. Bannoura, L. Barak, E.L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, T. Barillari, M. Barisits, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, S.L. Barnes, B. Barnett, M. Barnett, Z. Barnovska-Blenessy, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, R. Bartoldus, A.E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Bassalat, R. Bates, S.J. Batista, R. Batley, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, H.S. Bawa, J. Beacham, M.D. Beattie, T. Beau, P. Beauchemin, P. Bechtle, H. Beck, K. Becker, M. Becker, M. Beckingham, C. Becot, A. Beddall, A. Beddall, V. Bednyakov, M. Bedognetti, C. Bee, T. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, J.K. Behr, A.S. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, M. Bellomo, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, N. Belyaev, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, M. Bender, K. Bendtz, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, E. Benhar Noccioli, J. Benitez, D. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, N.R. Bernard, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F.U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, C. Bertella, G. Bertoli, F. Bertolucci, I.A. Bertram, C. Bertsche, D. Bertsche, G. Besjes, O. Bessidskaia Bylund, M.F. Bessner, N. Besson, C. Betancourt, A. Bethani, S. Bethke, A.J. Bevan, R. Bianchi, M. Bianco, O. Biebel, D. Biedermann, R. Bielski, N.V. Biesuz, M. Biglietti, J. Bilbao De Mendizabal, T.R.V. Billoud, H. Bilokon, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, S. Biondi, T. Bisanz, C. Bittrich, D.M. Bjergaard, C. Black, J. Black, K. Black, D. Blackburn, R. Blair, T. Blazek, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, W. Blum, U. Blumenschein, S. Blunier, G. Bobbink, V. Bobrovnikov, S.S. Bocchetta, A. Bocci, C. Bock, M. Boehler, D. Boerner, D. Bogavac, A. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, A. Boldyrev, M. Bomben, M. Bona, M. Boonekamp, A. Borisov, G. Borissov, J. Bortfeldt, D. Bortoletto, V. Bortolotto, K. Bos, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J.D. Bossio Sola, J. Boudreau, J. Bouffard, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker, D.E. Boumediene, C. Bourdarios, S.K. Boutle, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, I. Boyko, J. Bracinik, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, U. Bratzler, B. Brau, J. Brau, W.D. Breaden Madden, K. Brendlinger, A.J. Brennan, L.
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