Tuning of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors by TIR8/SIGIRR, a member of the IL-1 receptor family with unique structure and regulation

Thus, TIR8 represents a negative pathway of regulation of the IL-1R/TLR system, with a unique pattern of expression in epithelial cells and DC, crucial for tuning inflammation at mucosal surfaces, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract. Further research is needed to explore the role of TIR8 in controlling inflammation at other mucosal tissues and to investigate its expression and involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases, in particular in inflammatory bowel disease.