On some aspects of oscillation theory and geometry

The aim of this paper is to analyze some of the relationships between oscillation theory for linear ordinary differential equations on the real line (shortly, ODE) and the geometry of complete Riemannian manifolds. With this motivation we prove some new results in both directions, ranging from oscillation and nonoscillation conditions for ODE's that improve on classical criteria, to estimates in the spectral theory of some geometric differential operator on Riemannian manifolds with related topological and geometric applications. To keep our investigation basically self-contained we also collect some, more or less known, material which often appears in the literature in various forms and for which we give, in some instances, new proofs according to our specific point of view. © 2012 American Mathematical Society.