Effects of iron on extracellular and intracellular growth of penicillium marneffei

Killing of intracellular Penicillium marneffei conidia is demonstrated in gamma interferon-lipopolysaccharide-activated human THP1 and mouse J774 cells. Iron overload significantly reduces the antifungal activity of macrophages. Likewise, exogenous iron enhances and iron chelators inhibit the extracellular growth of P. marneffei. These results suggest that iron availability critically affects immunity to and the pathogenicity of P. marneffei.