LE DISCRIMINAZIONI ETNICO-RAZZIALI NEL SISTEMA MULTILIVELLO DI TUTELA DEI DIRITTI

ABSTRACT Discrimination based on race or ethnic origin is a deep-rooted problem of contemporary multicultural societies. The coexistence of a plurality of groups which differ for race, ethnic origin, language and culture within the same state entity may be likely to trigger discrimination as a result of ethnic groups conflicts and prejudice. Thus, discrimination has primary a social meaning, which reveals how differences in treatment often come from a hierarchical system of social structure – named social stratification – that distinguishes among a dominant group and one or more minority or subordinated groups. Discrimination, as a both social and anthropological phenomenon, covers the very first part of the study, aimed at introducing the overall theoretical context throughout an insight of several of the implications hidden underneath. The investigation of the role of Law in addressing racial and ethnic discrimination, on which focus the second, along with the third and the fourth parts, is based on a multilevel approach, according to the cross-border nature of racial and ethnic discrimination. Along with a multilevel approach, the study chooses to examine the issue related to racial and ethnic discrimination from a dual perspective. More specifically, it moves from an individual to a group-based approach to non discrimination, in order to challenge the liberal path of human right as individual rights only and to assess new ways of balancing individual and collective rights From a constitutional viewpoint, the study aims at exploring new mechanisms to tackle racial and ethnic discrimination, that goes beyond Article 3 of the Constitution, through the development of the principle set out in Article 6 of the Constitution, which protects linguistic minorities.