Cardiopulmonary exercise testing as a diagnostic tool for the detection of left-sided pulmonary hypertension in heart failure

BACKGROUND: Recently, it has become increasingly recognized that pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a particularly ominous consequence of left-sided heart failure (HF). The primary aim of this investigation was to assess the ability of key cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) variables to detect elevated pulmonary pressures in a HF cohort. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Two hundred ninety-three subjects with HF (63 ± 10 years old, 79% male) underwent Doppler echocardiography to estimate resting pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2), the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope, peak partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) and exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) were determined. RESULTS: Forty-six percent (n = 134) of the subjects presented with a PASP ≥ 40 mm Hg. A VE/VCO2 slope