Security implications of synthetic biology

Bio- and nanotechnology are among the most powerful emerging technologies today. With the dawn and rapid progress of synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology, it is becoming increasingly possible to bioengineer microorganisms, biomolecular components and devices, as well as biotechnical hybrids that perform desired functions. All of these applications can be expected to yield great benefits for human health, environmental protection, and renewable energy sources. The aim behind advances in synthetic biology and nanobiotechnology is both ambitious and controversial: the transformation of biology from a natural science into an applied engineering discipline. Many observers believe that these intertwining technologies herald the next technology revolution. As with every new technology, however, predictable and unforeseeable risks for society are created, ranging from unintended consequences that are harmful for human health and the environment (biosafety) to the deliberate misuse to cause harm (biosecurity).