Structures of furanosides : geometrical analysis of low-temperature X-ray and neutron crystal structures of five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides

Crystal structures of all five crystalline methyl D-pentofuranosides, methyl alpha -D-arabinofuranoside (1), methyl beta -D-arabinofuranoside (2), methyl alpha -D-lyxofuranoside (3), methyl beta -D-ribofuranoside (4) and methyl alpha -D-xylofuranoside (5) have been determined by means of cryogenic X-ray and neutron crystallography. The neutron diffraction experiments provide accurate. unbiased H-atom positions which are especially important because of the critical role of hydrogen bonding in these systems. This paper summarizes the geometrical and conformational parameters of the structures of all five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides, several of them reported here for the first time. The methyl pentofuranoside structures are compared with the structures of the five crystalline methyl hexopyranosides for which accurate X-ray and neutron structures have been determined. Unlike the methyl hexopyranosides, which crystallize exclusively in the C-1 chair conformation, the five crystalline methyl pentofuranosides represent a very wide range of ring conformations.