New operating potentials of a calomel reference electrode by incorporation of new aqueous CsCl ultraconcentrated salt bridges at various molalities and temperatures

To improve the precision level of direct-potentiometry electroanal. monitoring (all too often linked with the reliability of the salt bridge built in the ref. electrode), replacement of the popular, but inadequate, satd. aq. KCl bridge with the recently characterized quasi-ideal CsCl bridge was recommended. This requires a renormalization of the widespread calomel ref. electrode. Therefore, to the benefit of both the manufacturers and the users, the operational potentials were detd. and tabulated for such an electrode equipped with 7, 9, and 11 m CsCl bridges over a range of temps.