Il miglioramento genetico del pesco : nuove tipologie, extra-stagionalità e resistenza alle principali avversità
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2010
Citazione:
Il miglioramento genetico del pesco : nuove tipologie, extra-stagionalità e resistenza alle principali avversità / D. Bassi, A. Liverani, D. Giovannini, S. Foschi, M. Lama. - In: ITALUS HORTUS. - ISSN 1127-3496. - 17:5(2010), pp. 23-28.
Abstract:
Within the goals of the modern the peach
breeding industry, the search of novel fruits could take
advantage of the wide diversity in flesh texture and
pace of softening, e.g. melting, slow softening melting
(as from ‘Big Top’ nectarine and the ‘Rich’ yellow
peach series, both from Zaiger breeding program),
non melting and stony hard. The traditional melting
types are no more suited for the present needs of the
fresh market operations, from harvest onward.
Conversely, the ‘slow softening’ melting traits secure a
safer handling of the fruit due to its firmer flesh,
although it could reach, lately, the ‘melting’ stage of a
traditional melting type. The stony hard phenotype is
the only known peach not producing ethylene, that
keeps a ’crunchy’ texture well behind the physiological
ripening (almost three weeks on the tree); some traits
are still to be improved, such as the poor ‘peach’
aroma. Furthermore, peaches with distinctive flavour
could be bred by combining single Mendelian (e.g. the
low acid trait described by Monet) and quantitative
traits (sugars and acids), in order to select fruits featuring
acidic (above 15 meq of total acidity), mild (from
11 to 15 meq) or sweet (below 10 meq) overall
flavour, with tortal sugars ranging from 10 up to more
than 20 °Brix. Other novel fruits could be developed
by combining the ‘non bitter seed’ and the ‘soft stone’
in the very very early ripening cultivars, in order to
breed an ‘all-to-eat’ fruit. Fruit brown rot from Monilinia
spp. and Sharka from PPV are the major disease so
far in Italy. Whyle interesting sources of resistance for
brown rot were already found (e.g. ‘Contender’ yellow
peach) and introgressed in the breeding stocks with
very promising results, no source of resistance for
PPV is known in peach. Selections from hybridization
between peach and almond or P. davidiana (bringing
quantitative resistance to PPV) are now employed as
donor parents in a recent project funded by the Italian
Ministry of Agriculture. Some results are expected in
the near future, although previous work from INRA (France) with P. davidiana showed the resistance is
strongly lowered by the back-cross generations
required to re-gain commercial quality. Resistance to
powdery mildew, altough not a major disease, is
sought by employing well known sources of resistance,
i.e. ‘Bolinha’ and ‘Oro A’ non melting peaches.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
breeding ; peach
Elenco autori:
D. Bassi, A. Liverani, D. Giovannini, S. Foschi, M. Lama
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