Linee guida 2024 per la vaccinazione del cane e del gatto – Stilate dal Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) della WSAVA

The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) was convened to develop guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats intended to be helpful to veterinarians globally. Previous guidelines, published in 2007, 2010 and 2016, have been cited in the peer-reviewed scientific literature several hundred times and downloaded tens of thousands of times.
The present document is an updated version of these guidelines. The VGG recognises that its recommendations must be broad and based on fundamental immunological principles because detailed recommendations about vaccines and vaccination of dogs and cats that might be suitable for some countries or regions may be much less applicable elsewhere.
Guidelines are intended to provide broad guidance for veterinarians in decision-making.
They do not describe mandatory or minimum standards of care. These guidelines can be used by national and regional veterinary associations and individual veterinarians or veterinary practices to develop their own vaccination schedules suitable to their own local conditions. Notwithstanding this, the VGG strongly recommends that ALL dogs and cats should receive the benefit of vaccination. This will not only protect individual animals but will improve “herd immunity” to help minimise the risk of contagious disease outbreaks.
With this background in mind, the VGG has defined core vaccines as those that ALL dogs and cats should receive, after considering their lifestyle and the geographical areas in which they live or to which they travel. Some core vaccines protect animals from potentially life-threatening diseases that have global distribution while others protect against life-threatening
diseases that are prevalent only in particular countries or regions. Core vaccines for dogs in all parts of the world are those that protect against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine
adenovirus type 1 (CAV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV). Core vaccines for cats in all parts of the world are those that protect against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV). In areas of the world where rabies is endemic, vaccination
against rabies virus should be considered essential for both dogs and cats (i.e. rabies vaccines are core in those places), even if there is no legal requirement for this. Leptospirosis in dogs is another life-threatening, zoonotic disease that is widely distributed around the world.
In countries or regions where canine leptospirosis is endemic, where implicated serogroups are known and where suitable vaccines are available, vaccination of all dogs against leptospirosis is highly recommended and the vaccines should be considered core in those places. In many parts of the world, feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-related diseases are endemic. In these places, FeLV vaccines should be considered core for young cats (<1 year of age) and for adult cats with outdoor access or that live with other cats that have outdoor access.
The VGG recognises that maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) interfere substantially with the efficacy of most currently available core vaccines that are administered to puppies and kittens early in life (protecting against CDV, CAV and CPV in puppies, FPV, FCV and FHV in kittens). As the level of MDA varies substantially within and between litters, VGG recommends the administration of multiple core vaccine doses to puppies and kittens, every 2 to 4 weeks, with the final dose being delivered at 16 weeks of age or older. In situations where a puppy or kitten can only receive a single vaccination (e.g. in the case of cost constraints), vaccination should be with the core vaccines at 16+ weeks of age. Revaccination at or after 26 weeks of age (rather than w