Enforcing legal information extraction through context-aware techniques: The ASKE approach

To cope with the growing volume, complexity, and articulation of legal documents as well as to foster
digital justice and digital law, increasing effort is being devoted to legal knowledge extraction and digital
transformation processes. In this paper, we present the ASKE (Automated System for Knowledge Extraction)
approach to legal knowledge extraction, based on a combination of context-aware embedding models and
zero-shot learning techniques into a three-phase extraction cycle, which is executed a number of times (called
generations) to progressively extract concepts representative of the different meanings of terminology used in
legal documents chunks. A graph-based data structure called ASKE Conceptual Graph is initially populated
through a data preparation step, and it is continuously enriched at each ASKE generation with results
of document chunk classification, new extracted terminology, and newly derived concepts. A quantitative
evaluation of ASKE knowledge extraction and document classification is provided by considering the EurLex
dataset. Furthermore, we present the results of applying ASKE to a real case-study of Italian case law decisions
with qualitative feedback from legal experts in the framework of an ongoing national research project.