Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Cancer Prevention: The Role of Apple Phytochemicals

settings Order Article Reprints Open AccessReview Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Cancer Prevention: The Role of Apple Phytochemicals by Francesca Gado [ORCID] , Giulio Ferrario [ORCID] , Larissa Della Vedova [ORCID] , Beatrice Zoanni , Alessandra Altomare [ORCID] , Marina Carini , Giancarlo Aldini [ORCID] , Alfonsina D’Amato * [ORCID] and Giovanna Baron [ORCID] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), State University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031356 Received: 31 December 2022 / Revised: 27 January 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2023 / Published: 31 January 2023 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Development of Small Molecules to Fight Cancer) Download Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Plant secondary metabolites, known as phytochemicals, have recently gained much attention in light of the “circular economy”, to reutilize waste products deriving from agriculture and food industry. Phytochemicals are known for their onco-preventive and chemoprotective effects, among several other beneficial properties. Apple phytochemicals have been extensively studied for their effectiveness in a wide range of diseases, cancer included. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the main studies reported in the literature concerning apple phytochemicals, mostly polyphenols, in cancer prevention. Although there are many different mechanisms targeted by phytochemicals, the Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways are the ones this review will be focused on, highlighting also the existing crosstalk between these two systems.