Catheter-related blood stream infection caused by Millerozyma farinosa in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and a brief review of the literature

Millerozyma farinose is a halotolerant yeast that has recently been described as an emerging human pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Both the diagnostic process and treatment options are still unclear. Here, we report a case of an immunocompetent oncological patient who developed a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) with a concomitant respiratory tract infection caused by M. farinosa. In this report, we discuss how prompt microbiological identification and attentive evaluation of the patient's clinical status can play a significant role in the appropriate management of infections caused by uncommon fungi. MALDI-TOF technology has also substantially improved the timely diagnosis of rare fungi. Furthermore, our diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by 5.8S rRNA sequencing. In our patient, the rapid diagnosis of fungaemia was crucial, together with catheter removal and the initiation of antifungal treatment, for the patient's clinical improvement.