NMDA and AMPA Receptor Autoantibodies in Brain Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Features
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2021
Citazione:
NMDA and AMPA Receptor Autoantibodies in Brain Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Features / F. Gardoni, J. Stanic, D. Scheggia, A. Benussi, B. Borroni, M. Di Luca. - In: CELLS. - ISSN 2073-4409. - 10:1(2021 Jan), pp. 77.1-77.12. [10.3390/cells10010077]
Abstract:
The role of autoimmunity in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is rapidly expanding. In the last twenty years, different types of autoantibodies targeting subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors have been found in a variety of patients affected by brain disorders. Several of these antibodies are directed against NMDA receptors (NMDAR), mostly in autoimmune encephalitis, whereas a growing field of research has identified antibodies against AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits in patients with different types of epilepsy or frontotemporal dementia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies performed in the last decade have dramatically improved our understanding of the molecular and functional effects induced by both NMDAR and AMPAR autoantibodies at the excitatory glutamatergic synapse and, consequently, their possible role in the onset of clinical symptoms. In particular, the method by which autoantibodies can modulate the localization at synapses of specific target subunits leading to functional impairments and behavioral alterations has been well addressed in animal studies. Overall, these preclinical studies have opened new avenues for the development of novel pharmacological treatments specifically targeting the synaptic activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
autoimmunity; brain disorders; excitatory synapse; glutamate
Elenco autori:
F. Gardoni, J. Stanic, D. Scheggia, A. Benussi, B. Borroni, M. Di Luca
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