Herbicides in use: current status and perspectives in the different biogeographic regions of Europe

This review examines the use of herbicides across Europe’s biogeographical regions, focusing on their historical development, regulatory framework, and environmental impacts. Since the 20th century, the use of herbicides has significantly increased agricultural productivity. However, the continuous use of herbicides with the same mode of action can lead to the development of resistant weeds, especially when low-diversity weed management strategies are employed. The European Union has established a strict approval process for herbicidal substances to safeguard environmental and human health. Consequently, the number of authorized active ingredients has declined due to concerns over their adverse effects. This review highlights the need for new sustainable tools for weed control and advocates reassessing Europe’s dependence on chemical herbicides, encouraging integrated weed management approaches and policies that balance productivity with environmental protection for a sustainable agricultural future.