ArduHydro: a low-cost device for water level measurement and monitoring

In this paper, we present ArduHydro, a low-cost device for water level measurement and monitoring
designed for employment in controlled and outdoor environments. It measures the water level through
an ultrasonic sensor and elaborates the signals through an Arduino microcontroller. The small size of
this device, its robustness and accuracy make ArduHydro properly versatile for different applications
in the field of water control and management. This article describes the design, the components, the
costs, and the performance of ArduHydro. The performance was assessed with a laboratory test inside
an open-channel flume and comparing ArduHydro measurements with those obtained with a
traditional ultrasonic sensor. Furthermore, an example of ArduHydro application for detecting the
wavefront evolution during surface irrigation of a maize crop is presented. The results revealed that
ArduHydro measurements were, on average, very consistent with those obtained by the traditional
ultrasonic sensor in all different flow conditions. The application of ArduHydro during a surface
watering of an agricultural field allowed us to obtain important spatiotemporal information about the
water depth along the longitudinal direction of the field, paying the way for a real comprehension of
the dynamics of wavefront evolution in a real-world case study.