One for all, all for one. Reputational mechanisms for aggression, revenge, and forgiveness in intergroup relationships (14ALL)

14ALL investigates the conditions under which groups may trigger aggressive behavior in individual members and fuel retaliatory cycles magnifying the consequences of intergroup conflict. We expect that aggression is more likely when group identity is salient and members invest in building group reputation. Furthermore, we expect that individuals who forgive or avenge aggression will gain social status to the extent that group members perceive them to be motivated by concern for the group rather than concern for self. 14ALL adopts a set of complementary research methods and consists of three parts. First, we will use a laboratory experiment to determine when group membership and group reputation promote aggression. Second, we will conduct a survey experiment on a representative sample of the national population to investigate when vengeful or forgiving behavior is socially rewarded by the group. Third, we will develop an empirically calibrated agent-based model to simulate large-scale implications, test findings generalizability and support counterfactual analysis. Findings and simulation tools will be presented to stakeholders to explore policies aiming to mitigate intergroup conflict in various settings, such as interethnic conflicts, political extremism, and hooliganism