Fetal nutrition : a review

Knowledge of fetal nutrient supply has greatly increased in the last decade due to the availability of fetal blood samples
obtained under relatively steady-state conditions. These studies, together with studies utilizing stable isotope methodologies,
have clarified some aspects of the supply of the major nutrients for the fetus such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. At the
same time, the relevance of intrauterine growth has been recognized not only for the well-being of the neonate and child, but
also for later health in adulthood. The major determinants of fetal nutrient availability are maternal nutrition and metabolism
together with placental function and metabolism. The regulation of the rate of intrauterine growth is the result of complex
interactions between genetic inheritance, endocrine environment and availability of nutrients to the fetus.