Twin MRI studies on genetic and environmental determinants of brain morphology and function in the early lifespan
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2020
Citazione:
Twin MRI studies on genetic and environmental determinants of brain morphology and function in the early lifespan / E. Maggioni, L. Squarcina, N. Dusi, V.A. Diwadkar, P. Brambilla. - In: NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS. - ISSN 0149-7634. - 109(2020 Feb), pp. 139-149. [10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.003]
Abstract:
Neurodevelopment represents a period of increased opportunity and vulnerability, during which a complex confluence of genetic and environmental factors influences brain growth trajectories, cognitive and mental health outcomes. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on twins have increased our knowledge of the extent to which genes, the environment and their interactions shape inter-individual brain variability. The present review draws from highly salient MRI studies in young twin samples to provide a robust assessment of the heritability of structural and functional brain changes during development. The available studies suggest that (as with many other traits), global brain morphology and network organization are highly heritable from early childhood to young adulthood. Conversely, genetic correlations among brain regions exhibit heterogeneous trajectories, and this heterogeneity reflects the progressive, experience-related increase in brain network complexity. Studies also support the key role of environment in mediating brain network differentiation via changes of genetic expression and hormonal levels. Thus, rest- and task-related functional brain circuits seem to result from a contextual and dynamic expression of heritability.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
diffusion tensor imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging; gene-environment; heritability; imaging-genetics; neurodevelopment; structural magnetic resonance imaging; twin modeling
Elenco autori:
E. Maggioni, L. Squarcina, N. Dusi, V.A. Diwadkar, P. Brambilla
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