Data di Pubblicazione:
2006
Citazione:
Nutrition and reproduction in women / D.T. Baird, S. Cnattingius, J. Collins, J.L.H. Evers, A. Glasier, B.L. Heitmann, R. Norman, K.K. Ong, A. Sunde, J. Cohen, B. Cometti, P.G. Crosignani, P. Devroey, E. Diczfalusy, K. Diedrich, L. Fraser, L. Gianaroli, I. Liebaers, G. Mautone, B. Tarlatzis, G. Ragni, A. Van Steirteghem. - In: HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE. - ISSN 1355-4786. - 12:3(2006), pp. 193-207. [10.1093/humupd/dmk003]
Abstract:
Malnutrition is a major problem in developing countries, and obesity and eating disorders are increasingly common
in developing as well as developed countries. The reproductive axis is closely linked to nutritional status, especially
undernutrition in the female, and inhibitory pathways involving detectors in the hind brain suppress ovulation in
subjects with weight loss. Recovery may occur after minimal reacquisition of weight because energy balance is more
important than body fat mass. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa affect up to 5% of women of reproductive age
causing amenorrhoea, infertility and, in those who do conceive, an increased likelihood of miscarriage. Obesity can
affect reproduction through fat cell metabolism, steroids and secretion of proteins such as leptin and adiponectin and
through changes induced at the level of important homeostatic factors such as pancreatic secretion of insulin, androgen
synthesis by the ovary and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) production by the liver. WHO estimates that 9
to 25% of women in developed countries are severely obese, and obese mothers are much more likely to have obese
children, especially if they have gestational diabetes. Obesity-associated anovulation may lead to infertility and to a
higher risk of miscarriage. Management of anovulation with obesity involves diet and exercise as well as standard
approaches to ovulation induction. Many obese women conceive without assistance, but pregnancies in obese women
have increased rates of pregnancy-associated hypertension, gestational diabetes, large babies, Cesarean section and
perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among contraceptors, the fear of weight gain affects uptake and continuation of
hormonal contraceptives, although existing trials indicate that any such effects are small. For all methods of hormonal
contraception, weight above 70 kg is associated with increased failure rates.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
contraception ; miscarriage ; nutrition ; obesity ; reproduction
Elenco autori:
D.T. Baird, S. Cnattingius, J. Collins, J.L.H. Evers, A. Glasier, B.L. Heitmann, R. Norman, K.K. Ong, A. Sunde, J. Cohen, B. Cometti, P.G. Crosignani, P. Devroey, E. Diczfalusy, K. Diedrich, L. Fraser, L. Gianaroli, I. Liebaers, G. Mautone, B. Tarlatzis, G. Ragni, A. Van Steirteghem
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