A review of altered biochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex of first-episode psychosis
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2017
Citazione:
A review of altered biochemistry in the anterior cingulate cortex of first-episode psychosis / L. Squarcina, J.A. Stanley, M. Bellani, C.A. Altamura, P. Brambilla. - In: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRIC SCIENCES. - ISSN 2045-7960. - 26:2(2017), pp. 122-128. [10.1017/S2045796016000895]
Abstract:
Relevant biochemicals of the brain can be quantified in vivo, non-invasively, using proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS). This includes metabolites associated with neural general functioning, energetics, membrane phospholipid metabolism and neurotransmission. Moreover, there is substantial evidence of implication of the frontal and prefrontal areas in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in cognitive control of emotional and non-emotional processes. Thus the study of its extent of biochemistry dysfunction in the early stages of psychosis is of particular interest in gaining a greater understanding of its aetiology. In this review, we selected 1 H MRS studies focused on the ACC of first-episode psychosis (FEP). Four studies reported increased glutamatergic levels in FEP, while other four showed preserved concentrations. Moreover, findings on FEP do not fully mirror those in chronic patients. Due to conflicting findings, larger longitudinal 1 H MRS studies are expected to further explore glutamatergic neurotransmission in ACC of FEP in order to have a better understanding of the glutamatergic mechanisms underlying psychosis, possibly using ultra high field MR scanners.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
anterior cingulate cortex; brain biochemistry; first episode psychosis; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Brain; Emotions; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Male; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
Elenco autori:
L. Squarcina, J.A. Stanley, M. Bellani, C.A. Altamura, P. Brambilla
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