NUTRITIONAL PEPTIDOMICS: DISCOVERY, QUANTIFICATION, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT PROTEIN DERIVED PEPTIDES
Tesi di Dottorato
Data di Pubblicazione:
2018
Citazione:
NUTRITIONAL PEPTIDOMICS: DISCOVERY, QUANTIFICATION, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT PROTEIN DERIVED PEPTIDES / G. Aiello ; faculty advisor: A. Arnoldi ; phd coordinator: G. Aldini. DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE FARMACEUTICHE, 2018 Jan 17. 30. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2017. [10.13130/g-aiello_phd2018-01-17].
Abstract:
NUTRITIONAL PEPTIDOMICS: DISCOVERY, QUANTIFICATION, AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT PROTEIN DERIVED PEPTIDES
Sector CHIM/10 - Food chemistry
Introduction and aims of thesis
The study of bioactive peptides is a central issue in the development of innovative therapies. The increased attention for fresher and ‘greener’ foods and nutraceuticals possessing health-preventing or health-promoting properties makes bioactive peptides suitable candidates for a new era of pharmaceutical products. Analysing and understanding nature and bioactivity of nutritional peptides, typically delivered from parent food proteins, means comprehending an important level of environmental regulation of the human genome: diet is the environmental factor having the most profound life-long influence on health. Although a remarkable progress has been done in protein analysis, as a consequence of proteomic research, and in small molecule analysis, as a consequence of drug discovery/development initiatives, the field of nutritional peptidomic is still quite unexplored and some drawbacks should be addressed.
The pharmacological applications of bioactive peptides depend primarily on their ability to be absorbed in order to exert their bioactivity. In addition, it is very likely that peptide sequences are subjected to structural alterations before performing their final activity in vivo due to different events, such as the attack of gastrointestinal enzymes, brush border peptidases, absorption through the intestinal barrier, and attack of intracellular peptidases in the intracellular absorption. Therefore, all of these different aspects about the bioavailability have attracted a growing interest in the last years. In addition, the possibility of the peptides breakdown during the gastrointestinal digestion is one of the most important factor to be considered when evaluating food-derived peptides for the promotion of human health.
Chemical stability is also crucial for proper assay development, since these peptides could lose stability when placed in solution or in biological fluids or even before absorption.
Once they are delivered, the biodistribution of bioactive peptides may be sometimes hampered as a result of proteolytic attack, primarily due to the action of brush border peptidases overexpressed at the microvilli surface of intestinal cells.
However, before evaluating aspects such as the bioavailability, the optimization of hydrolytic conditions and the chemical identification of protein hydrolysates are other important aspects to be highlighted. The broad variety of physiological activities attributed to protein hydrolysates are determined by the type, number, position, and properties of amino acids present in the sequence of bioactive peptides. The optimization of the hydrolytic conditions for the obtainment of bioactive hydrolysates was also addressed in this work. Since peptides derive from proteins, the integration of peptidomics and proteomics methodologies permitted the enlargement of proteomic databank, which may facilitate the improvement of peptidomics platform libraries.
In this context, advanced analytical techniques such as those based on mass spectrometry (MS) have emerged as indispensable and irreplaceable tools in the discovery, identification, quantification and functional analysis of bioactive peptides arising from proteolysis. Among the toolkit of techniques developed to investigate proteins at the proteome-wide scale, MS has gained popularity especially because of its ability to handle the hierarchical complexity associated with the biological systems. In addition, MS-based approaches coupled to cell culturing and bioinformatics tools set a new standard in peptide research.
Based on these premises, the aim of my PhD p
Tipologia IRIS:
Tesi di dottorato
Keywords:
PEPTIDOMICS; BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES; PLANT PROTEIN; MASS SPECTROMETRY
Elenco autori:
G. Aiello
Link alla scheda completa:
Link al Full Text: