Diversity of archaeal and bacterial communities on exfoliated sandstone from Portchester Castle (UK)
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2016
Citazione:
Diversity of archaeal and bacterial communities on exfoliated sandstone from Portchester Castle (UK) / E. Zanardini, E. May, R. Inkpen, F. Cappitelli, J. Colin Murrell, K.J. Purdy. - In: INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION. - ISSN 0964-8305. - 109(2016 Apr), pp. 78-87.
Abstract:
In this study exfoliated sandstone samples from Portchester Castle were investigated using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) analyses to observe stone surface colonisation,
geomorphological structure and to assess damage. Archaeal and bacterial diversity were
assessed using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. SEM analysis showed that
sandstone had high levels of stone decay. There was considerable weathering of the minerals associated
with biofilms containing microbes with various cellular morphologies. Microorganisms were especially
prevalent in pores, cavities and in the heavily decayed parts of the minerals, and some etching was seen.
EDX analyses indicated microbes were associated with the sheet structures of aluminium-containing
phyllosilicate minerals, most likely glauconite. Microbial colonisation was preferentially concentrated
within specific sheets of the mineral structure. Isolation studies revealed the presence of Bacillus and
Arthrobacter that appeared to be well adapted to “extreme” environments, specifically these isolates
were tolerant to high salt, high UV and oligotrophic conditions. Cultivation-independent studies using
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene fragments
showed a more complex community. Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Deinococcus, a- and b-proteobacteria,
Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes and halophilic Archaea from the family Halobacteriaceae, were the
predominant types of Bacteria and Archaea detected respectively.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
DGGE analyses; Exfoliation; Microbial diversity; Sandstone; SEM-EDX analyses; Stone biodeterioration
Elenco autori:
E. Zanardini, E. May, R. Inkpen, F. Cappitelli, J. Colin Murrell, K.J. Purdy
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