Data di Pubblicazione:
2005
Citazione:
Endocannabinoids and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) interaction / D. Braida, M. Sala. - In: PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR. - ISSN 0091-3057. - 81:2 SPEC. ISS.(2005 Jun), pp. 407-416.
Abstract:
Cannabis and MDMA are two of the most widely used recreational drugs. This review considered their neuropsychological
effects, when taken singly or in combination,
in humans or animals. In humans, prolonged use of MDMA and cannabis together is associated with a variety of psychological problems, including elevated impulsiveness,
anxiety, somatic complaints, obsessive–compulsive patterns,and psychotic behavior. It is not clear to what extent the combination of MDMA and cannabis contributes to fatal motor vehicles accidents though an additive adverse effect on visual perception in MDMA/D9-THC users has been reported. Neurocognitive deficits (memory, learning, word fluency, speed of processing, and manual dexterity) in several brain areas (hippocampus, frontal lobe) have been
reported in those taking both drugs. Endocrine abnormalities in MDMA users have been closely related to their use of
cannabis too. A recent study investigated whether coadministered cannabinoids and MDMA in rats affected the long-term neurotoxic properties of MDMA through a hypothermic action, an antioxidant action, or both. Very
few studies have set out to clarify the consequences of chronic exposure to concomitant cannabinoids and MDMA
for their abuse liability in animals. MDMA showed some cross-discriminative stimulus effects with cannabinoids (delta9-THC), and it has been demonstrated in rats that the
endocannabinoid system is involved in MDMA selfadministration.However, these findings have not been confirmed by microdialysis studies in mesolimbic structures
which might further clarify this interaction.
These findings may help explain the use of marijuana and MDMA together by polydrug users in order to overcome the unpleasant effect which often arise as the
initial euphoria dissipates. It has recently been confirmed,using a CPP task, that the endocannabinoid system is involved when the reinforcing properties of MDMA, given
centrally, were blocked by pretreatment with SR 141716.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
conference paper; human; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; priority journal; reinforcement; reward; 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; 4 aminobutyric acid; anticonvulsive agent; antidepressant agent; antihistaminic agent; barbituric acid; benzodiazepine derivative; cholinergic receptor stimulating agent; corticosteroid; diazepam; endocannabinoid; naloxone; neuroleptic agent; opiate; psychedelic agent; psychostimulant agent; rimonabant; tropisetron; sr 141716
Elenco autori:
D. Braida, M. Sala
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