EVALUATION OF SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM OF INFECTION DISEASES AND VACCINATION COVERAGE IN ALBANIA
Tesi di Dottorato
Data di Pubblicazione:
2012
Citazione:
EVALUATION OF SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM OF INFECTION DISEASES AND VACCINATION COVERAGE IN ALBANIA / E. Mata ; tutor: M. Pontello ; co-tutor: A. Shehi. Universita' degli Studi di Milano, 2012 Feb 02. 24. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2011. [10.13130/mata-elida_phd2012-02-02].
Abstract:
Introduction
The Albanian system of epidemiological surveillance for infectious diseases has been and continues to be mandatory: the infectious diseases included in this system should be reported by law. The statutory notification system dates from the years ’50. In spite of small improvements over the time, the essential features of the system remained as before until 1998. Before the years ’98, the surveillance system have had registered a shortage and deficiency on the information flow on infectious diseases due to the non application of active and sentinel epidemiological surveillance, related directly to quantitative and qualitative shortage of the existing form of mandatory reporting of infectious diseases.
Today in Albania, the information flow on infectious diseases has been realized and continues to be realized through the monthly reporting form (named-14/Sh). The monthly reporting form of infectious diseases (14/Sh) is compiled by the epidemiological service in the district level and sent to the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Public Health Institute (under the direction of the Minister of Health nr.189, dt.08.08.1995, and the approval of the Statistical Institute, 134 letters, dated, 08.25.1995). The monthly data are collected by the departments of epidemiology in the 36 districts from general practitioners, hospitals and laboratories. Surveillance system in Albania has in use 4 cards of notification. Group A (14-1/Sh) includes infectious diseases of the utmost importance to public health, group B / 1 (14-2/Sh) are those for which there is an obligation to notify rapid (within 1-3 days), group B / 2 (14-3/Sh) includes tuberculosis diseases and group B / 3 (14-4Sh) sexually transmitted diseases.
Regarding the immunization system has started at the end of the 1950 with diphtheria toxoid and later with DT and DTP in the early 1970s, tuberculosis vaccine (BCG), measles and polio vaccine. After 1993, in the immunization calendar are included other vaccines such as viral hepatitis B, trivalent vaccine (measles, rubella and mumps) and at the end homophiles’ influenza type B which is introduced in 2009. Since 1993, UNICEF started to provide the whole vaccines according to the WHO recommendation for immunization. In 1995, Ministry of Health in Albania introduced also the immunization against hepatitis B for all newborns. After the year 1993 in the immunization calendar have been introduced the following vaccines:
1995 - Viral hepatitis B,
2000 – bivalent vaccine of measles & rubella (MR)
2005 – trivalent vaccine measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
2009 – penta-vaccine DTP + Hep.B + HiB (influenza hemophilus B).
The Research Objectives
The evaluation of the current system of infectious diseases surveillance in Albania during the period 1998-2009 in order to identify the critical issues and existing possibilities for improvement
This objective will be carrying out through:
1. Evaluation of epidemiological situation of these diseases by focusing attention on: description of the trend of infectious diseases in Albania during the period of study (data from the monthly reporting forms) and the evaluation of the information by the individual form of infectious diseases notification; distribution of the infectious diseases by sex and age; distribution by the regions and the areas (urban and rural); assessment of the vaccine coverage for vaccine preventable diseases in Albania; comparing of the levels of infectious diseases and our surveillance system with those of other European countries.
2. Analysis of the characteristics of the surveillance system (the way of completing the individual forms) in terms of sensitivity of recording the cases of infection, emphasizing the importance
Tipologia IRIS:
Tesi di dottorato
Keywords:
surveillance system ; infection diseases ; vaccination coverage ; vaccine preventable diseases
Elenco autori:
E. Mata
Link alla scheda completa:
Link al Full Text: