Le linee guida europee in materia di democrazia deliberativa e inclusione dei gruppi “vulnerabili”

The erosion of democratic standards, rule of law violations, and distrust towards public institutions and the political party system – in a context dominated by political polarization and populism – led international and supranational organizations to reflect on the need to strengthen democratic processes and institutions. Citizens’ involvement in open, transparent, and inclusive decision-making processes – through participatory and deliberative tools – is deemed to be essential to this purpose. In this essay, we will therefore provide an overview of the multitude of soft-law documents on participatory and deliberative democracy elaborated by supranational organizations in recent years.