Data di Pubblicazione:
2010
Citazione:
Protein intake and growth in the first 24 months of life / V. Grote, R. von Kries, R. Closa-Monasterolo, S. Scaglioni, D. Gruszfeld, A. Sengier, JP. Langhendries, B. Koletzko, European Childhood Obesity Trial Study Group. - In: JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION. - ISSN 0277-2116. - 51:supplement 3(2010 Dec), pp. S117-S118.
Abstract:
Nutritional and metabolic factors acting during pre- and
postnatal life predict long-term health outcomes. The
increasing prevalence of obesity has raised strong interest in early
programming, in particular with regard to potentially modifiable
variables that would offer effective prevention. Maternal factors
such as high maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational
weight gain, or intrauterine energy and protein deficiency
have all been associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance
and obesity in the offspring.
Infant feeding also modulates later obesity risk. A report by
the World Health Organization in 2007 concluded that breastfeeding
may have a small protective effect on the prevalence of
later obesity (1). Obviously, potential residual confounding factors
that cannot be fully adjusted for may contribute to this effect.
However, the specific compositional aspects of breast milk, such as
the lower protein content, as compared with infant formula or
endocrine agents, which are only present in human milk, such as
insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin,
could affect the regulation of energy intake and expenditure and the
growth pattern of the infant. Undisputable proof for a causal
protective effect of breast-milk components remains difficult to
obtain; however, understanding those causalities may strengthen
the conclusions on the protective effects of breast-feeding. Moreover,
this knowledge may help to improve the practice of feeding
formula and complementary foods for infants.
Formula-fed children grow faster during the first 2 years of
life than breast-fed children, and they are at a higher risk for later
obesity. More rapid growth in infancy, especially weight gain,
has also been shown to increase the risk of later obesity. Given
that formula-fed infants have markedly higher protein intakes than
breast-fed infants, we followed the hypothesis that their different
early growth and later obesity risk may be explained, at least in part,
by the higher protein intake in infancy. Protein intake stimulates the
insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 metabolism and consecutively
leads to cell proliferation, accelerated growth, and increased
adipose tissue.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
protein inteke, growth, breastfeeding
Elenco autori:
V. Grote, R. von Kries, R. Closa-Monasterolo, S. Scaglioni, D. Gruszfeld, A. Sengier, JP. Langhendries, B. Koletzko, European Childhood Obesity Trial Study Group
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