Study of lncRNAs in Pediatric Neurological Diseases: Methods, Analysis of the State-of-Art and Possible Therapeutic Implications

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in various cellular
processes, and their roles in pediatric neurological diseases are increasingly being explored. This
review provides an overview of lncRNA implications in the central nervous system, both in its
physiological state and when a pathological condition is present. We describe the role of lncRNAs in
neural development, highlighting their significance in processes such as neural stem cell proliferation,
differentiation, and synaptogenesis. Dysregulation of specific lncRNAs is associated with multiple
pediatric neurological diseases, such as neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders and
brain tumors. The collected evidence indicates that there is a need for further research to uncover the
full spectrum of lncRNA involvement in pediatric neurological diseases and brain tumors. While
challenges exist, ongoing advancements in technology and our understanding of lncRNA biology
offer hope for future breakthroughs in the field of pediatric neurology, leveraging lncRNAs as
potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.