Calibration of the logarithmic-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) radio stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an octocopter
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2017
Citazione:
Calibration of the logarithmic-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) radio stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an octocopter / A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I..A. Samarai, I..F..M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J..A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-muñiz, G..A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arqueros, N. Arsene, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, G. Avila, A..M. Badescu, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R..J..B. Luz, J..J. Beatty, K..H. Becker, J..A. Bellido, C. Berat, M..E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P..L. Biermann, P. Billoir, J. Biteau, S..G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, N. Borodai, A..M. Botti, J. Brack, I. Brancus, T. Bretz, A. Bridgeman, F..L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K..S. Caballero-mora, L. Caccianiga, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, A..G. Chavez, J..A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, R..W. Clay, A. Cobos, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, L. Collica, M..R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, M..J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C..E. Covault, J. Cronin, S. D'Amico, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B..R. Dawson, R..M. De Almeida, S..J. De Jong, G..D. Mauro, J..R..T..D.M. Neto, I..D. Mitri, J. De Oliveira, V. De Souza, J. Debatin, O. Deligny, C..D. Giulio, A..D. Matteo, M..L..D. Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, J..C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R..C..D. Anjos, M..T. Dova, A. Dundovic, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C..O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A..C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J..M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, O. Fratu, M..M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, R. Gaior, B. García, D. Garcia-pinto, F. Gaté, H. Gemmeke, A. Gherghel-lascu, P..L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M.G. Giammarchi, M. Giller, D. Głas, C. Glaser, G. Golup, M..G. Berisso, P..F..G. Vitale, N. González, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, A..F. Grillo, T..D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G..P. Guedes, M..R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T..A. Harrison, J..L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A..E. Herve, G..C. Hill, C. Hojvat, E. Holt, P. Homola, J..R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P..G. Isar, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, J..A. Johnsen, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K..H. Kampert, I. Katkov, B. Keilhauer, N. Kemmerich, E. Kemp, J. Kemp, R..M. Kieckhafer, H..O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, D. Kuempel, G..K. Mezek, N. Kunka, A..K. Awad, D. Lahurd, M. Lauscher, R. Legumina, M..A..L. De Oliveira, A. Letessier-selvon, I. Lhenry-yvon, K. Link, D..L. Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A..L. Casado, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, M. Malacari, M. Mallamaci, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A..G. Mariazzi, I..C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O..M. Bravo, J..J..M. Meza, H..J. Mathes, S. Mathys, J. Matthews, J..A..J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P..O. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K..-..D. Merenda, M..I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I..A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A..L. Müller, G. Müller, M..A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, I. Naranjo, L. Nellen, P..H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu-oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, H. Nožka, L..A. Núñez, L. Ochilo, F. Oikonomou, A. Olinto, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-rodriguez, L..A..S. Pereira, M. Perlín, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, C. Porowski, R..R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E..J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, R. Ramos-pollan, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W..R. De Carvalho, G..R. Fernandez, J..R. Rojo, D. Rogozin, M..J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A..C. Rovero, P. R
Abstract:
An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4 +0.9 −0.3% and 10.3 +2.8 −1.7% respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8 +2.1 −1.3% in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60◦.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
Antennas; Detector alignment and calibration methods (lasers, sources, particle-beams); Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle detectors
Elenco autori:
A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I.A. Samarai, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J.A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-muñiz, G.A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arqueros, N. Arsene, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R.J.B. Luz, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M.E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, J. Biteau, S.G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, N. Borodai, A.M. Botti, J. Brack, I. Brancus, T. Bretz, A. Bridgeman, F.L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-mora, L. Caccianiga, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, A.G. Chavez, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, R.W. Clay, A. Cobos, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, J. Cronin, S. D'Amico, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. De Almeida, S.J. De Jong, G.D. Mauro, J.R.T.D.M. Neto, I.D. Mitri, J. De Oliveira, V. De Souza, J. Debatin, O. Deligny, C.D. Giulio, A.D. Matteo, M.L.D. Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, J.C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R.C.D. Anjos, M.T. Dova, A. Dundovic, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, O. Fratu, M.M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, R. Gaior, B. García, D. Garcia-pinto, F. Gaté, H. Gemmeke, A. Gherghel-lascu, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M.G. Giammarchi, M. Giller, D. Głas, C. Glaser, G. Golup, M.G. Berisso, P.F.G. Vitale, N. González, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, A.F. Grillo, T.D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G.P. Guedes, M.R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A.E. Herve, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, E. Holt, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P.G. Isar, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, J.A. Johnsen, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K.H. Kampert, I. Katkov, B. Keilhauer, N. Kemmerich, E. Kemp, J. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, D. Kuempel, G.K. Mezek, N. Kunka, A.K. Awad, D. Lahurd, M. Lauscher, R. Legumina, M.A.L. De Oliveira, A. Letessier-selvon, I. Lhenry-yvon, K. Link, D.L. Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A.L. Casado, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, M. Malacari, M. Mallamaci, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, I.C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O.M. Bravo, J.J.M. Meza, H.J. Mathes, S. Mathys, J. Matthews, J.A.J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-.D. Merenda, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A.L. Müller, G. Müller, M.A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, I. Naranjo, L. Nellen, P.H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu-oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, H. Nožka, L.A. Núñez, L. Ochilo, F. Oikonomou, A. Olinto, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-rodriguez, L.A.S. Pereira, M. Perlín, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, C. Porowski, R.R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, R. Ramos-pollan, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W.R. De Carvalho, G.R. Fernandez, J.R. Rojo, D. Rogozin, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F.S. Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-lucas, E.M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C.A. Sarmiento, R. Sato, M. Schauer, V. Scherini, H. Schi
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