Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid increases the self-defense of skin epithelium by induction of beta-defensin 2 via TLR2 and TLR4
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2008
Citazione:
Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid increases the self-defense of skin epithelium by induction of beta-defensin 2 via TLR2 and TLR4 / S. Gariboldi, M. Palazzo, L. Zanobbio, S. Selleri, M. Sommariva, L. Sfondrini, S. Cavicchini, A. Balsari, C. Rumio. - In: JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY. - ISSN 0022-1767. - 181:3(2008 Aug), pp. 2103-2110.
Abstract:
In sites of inflammation or tissue injury, hyaluronic acid (HA), ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix, is broken down into low m.w. HA (LMW-HA) fragments that have been reported to activate immunocompetent cells. We found that LMW-HA induces activation of keratinocytes, which respond by producing beta-defensin 2. This production is mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 activation and involves a c-Fos-mediated, protein kinase C-dependent signaling pathway. LMW-HA-induced activation of keratinocytes seems not to be accompanied by an inflammatory response, because no production of IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IL-6 was observed. Ex vivo and in vivo treatments of murine skin with LMW-HA showed a release of mouse beta-defensin 2 in all layers of the epidermal compartment. Therefore, the breakdown of extracellular matrix components, for example after injury, stimulates keratinocytes to release beta-defensin 2, which protects cutaneous tissue at a time when it is particularly vulnerable to infection. In addition, our observation might be important to open new perspectives in the development of possible topical products containing LMW-HA to improve the release of beta-defensins by keratinocytes, thus ameliorating the self-defense of the skin for the protection of cutaneous tissue from infection by microorganisms.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Elenco autori:
S. Gariboldi, M. Palazzo, L. Zanobbio, S. Selleri, M. Sommariva, L. Sfondrini, S. Cavicchini, A. Balsari, C. Rumio
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