URINALYSIS IN DOGS AND CATS:DIAGNOSTIC ENHANCEMENT BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AUTOMATED QUANTIFICATION OF URINARY PARAMETERS AND MULTI-MODAL READING OF THE SEDIMENT EXAMINATION
Tesi di Dottorato
Data di Pubblicazione:
2012
Citazione:
URINALYSIS IN DOGS AND CATS:DIAGNOSTIC ENHANCEMENT BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC AUTOMATED QUANTIFICATION OF URINARY PARAMETERS AND MULTI-MODAL READING OF THE SEDIMENT EXAMINATION / E.t. Vitiello ; tutor: P. Scarpa ; coocrdinatore: A. Belloli. DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE CLINICHE VETERINARIE, 2012 Feb 14. 24. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2011.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND - The urine test is probably the oldest laboratory examination of the history of medicine, and is still considered to be of undoubted utility and considered essential in the evaluation of diseases and urinary extraurinarie and monitoring of different metabolism. The chemical and physical examination of the urine in veterinary medicine, is still to be performed in ambulatory care in both clinical laboratories using a dry chemical method (dipstick), which allows the simultaneous determination of the following parameters: specific gravity, pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone bodies, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood and hemoglobin. Unfortunately, being born in human diagnostics, when used for the urine of dog and cat, do not provide reliable results for all tests. The systematic investigation of the physical-chemical parameters and determination of urinary analytes using standardized methods is a relatively recent acquisition, dating back to the 40s-50s. The legislation CLIA '88 (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) included examination of urine tests that can also run utside the laboratory, untrained operators, for its cheapness and speed of execution. However you must remember that this can be detrimental to the quality of results, which must be captured in an objective and especially knowing the factors that influence the sensitivity and specificity of the test. This makes it necessary to develop new methods that may also be more reliable and automated, to move from a semi-quantitative, such as that of the test strips, a quantitative determination of urinary chemical parameters. The new methods should also meet the various shortcomings of the dipstick in veterinary medicine, expanding, so the range of parameters commonly analyzed. An examination of urinary sediment, often overlooked and misunderstood, has a very useful diagnostic if correctly executed. In particular, Birch and Farley have reassessed the importance of the evaluation of haematuria in urinary sediment for the recognition of the anatomy of bleeding, in particular the study of the morphology of erythrocytes and the presence of acanthocyturia. The use of polarized light microscopy, phase contrast and improve the assessment of the elements of urinary sediment (in particular RBCs), the application of colors also allow extempuraneous staining evaluation of new elements of urinary sediment that may be indicative of renal disease. All this implies the need to introduce standard procedures in the collection, storage, preparation and analysis of the sample, such that the examination be reproducibily inside and outside the laboratory.
AIM OF THE THESIS - The experimental work has focused on the evaluation of methods in liquid chemistry, recently introduced in human medicine for the quantitative determination of some urinary parameter (pH, specific gravity, glucose, bilirubin, nitrites, hemoglobin) in dogs and cats. These new methods will be applied to an automatic spectrophotometric commonly used for biochemical tests on serum. The results will be correlated with data obtained by dipstick and/or other urinary parameters. For the evaluation of the methods will be carried out repeatability and linearity tests on samples from both species. We want to emphasize that the automation of these methods is aimed to achieve several objectives, not influenced by the error of intra and inter-operator, then the improvement of analytical grade (for purposes of quality control laboratory) and the reliability of the data, no more qualitative or semi-quantitative, but quantitative. Furthermore, it highlights the economic importance of this method compared to the dry chemistry not only in terms of cost/reagent but also time-consuming. Another important step in the a
Tipologia IRIS:
Tesi di dottorato
Keywords:
urinalysis ; urinary sediment ; dog ; cat;
Elenco autori:
E.T. Vitiello
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