Evaluation of aflatoxin B1 embryotoxicity using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus and bio-activation with microsome activation systems
Articolo
Data di Pubblicazione:
2007
Citazione:
Evaluation of aflatoxin B1 embryotoxicity using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus and bio-activation with microsome activation systems / C. Vismara, F. Caloni. - In: BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART B, DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY. - ISSN 1542-9733. - 80:3(2007), pp. 183-187.
Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus, A. flavus, and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1
(AFB1) should be a strong teratogen in hamsters, but its effect in rats is equivocal and extremely limited in mice.
Therefore, the AFB1 embryotoxic potential in mammals remains unclear. METHODS: Little is known about the AFB1
effects on amphibians, therefore its embryotoxic potential was evaluated using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-
Xenopus (FETAX). X. laevis blastulae were exposed to: 1) positive controls for bio-activation (4 g/L cyclophosphamide
monohydrate, Cy, and 4 g/L Cy130 mg/L MAS-rat; 4 g/L Cy130 mg/L MAS-human); 2) positive controls for MAS
(30 mg/L MAS-rat and 30mg/L MAS-human); 3) exposed groups to AFB1 (1 mg/L AFB1); and 4) AFB1 bio-activation
(1 mg/L AFB1130mg/L MAS-rat and 1 mg/L AFB1130mg/L MAS-human). RESULTS: In MAS-rat and human, Cy did
not induce a statistically significant increase of mortality and malformed larvae percentage, but when bio-activated
Cy increased the percentage of mortality. Instead, MAS-rat and human alone did not show any increase of mortality and
malformed larvae percentages. When bio-activated by MAS-rat and human, AFB1 increased significantly both the
mortality and malformed larvae percentages. The malformed larvae were mainly plurimalformed, i.e., affected by
generalized edema, abnormal gut coiling, and microphthalmia. CONCLUSIONS: This research shows that AFB1 alone is
not embryotoxic but, when bio-activated with MAS-rat or MAS-human the percentage of mortality and malformed
larvae increased significantly. These results also show that AFB1 must be bio-activated to exert its embryotoxic effects. Birth
Defects Res (Part B) 80:183–187, 2007.
Tipologia IRIS:
01 - Articolo su periodico
Keywords:
Aflatoxin B1; Embryotoxicity; FETAX; Microsome activation systems; Xenopus laevis
Elenco autori:
C. Vismara, F. Caloni
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